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In general, all bodies are expanded by an increase of temperature and contracted by its diminution. The ratio of expansion however differs greatly in different substances. Thus liquids expand by the same degrees of heat much more than solids, and aeriform bodies most of all. There is a difference also in the same class of substances. Thus by the same increase of heat, one solid, or one fluid expands more than another.
Illus. On making experiments on the expansibility of all the malleable metals, and many of their alloys, it has been ascertained that no two of them expand equally, when submitted to equal increments of heat.
Exp. 1. Fit to a bar of iron or large iron wire, a ring of metal so that the bar will just pass through it when cold. Then heat one end of the bar, or wire and it will not pass through the ring.
2. Enlarge the ring, so that the iron will pass it when red hot. Then take a bar of copper of the exact size of the iron when cold ; heat this red hot and it will be found too large to pass the ring.
Corol. The metals are expanded by heat, but some of them more than others.
19. The same increase of heat expands some liquids more than others.
Exp. Take two glass tubes terminated at one end by large bulbs; fig. 17, fix a mark about half way up the tubes, and at the same height on each ; fill one of them up to the mark, with water, and the other with alcohol; then place the bulbs of both in the same vessel of boiling hot water.— Both of the fluids expand and rise up in the tubes, but the alcohol rises about twice as high above the mark as the water.
20. The expansibility of aeriform bodies of different kinds, is in the same ratio, at equal increments of caloric.
Obs. The degree of expansion which a body of this kind undergoes, is equal to 1-483 parts of its bulk for each degree of Fahrenheit, between the freezing and the boiling points.
Exp. 1. The expansion of air may be shown by partly filling a bladder by blowing into it; then tying the mouth so that none of it can escape, and holding it near the fire. The bladder soon becomes distended, and may .Joe burst with an explosion by continuing the heat.

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